Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development and Counseling for Adults With Mental Retardation: Case Conceptualization and Implications for Treatment
Albert P. Saladino, MSW/CSW, Stephen B. Bellus, Ph.D.

Although the need for counseling services for adults with mental retardation has been widely acknowledged, there remains a reluctance to utilize this intervention as a central approach in treatment. One potential impediment may be the counselor's difficulty in conceptualizing the client's case and formulating a plan of action. Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development provides a theoretical approach to conceptualize counseling needs and guide treatment interventions. The developmental challenges faced by adults with Mild versus Moderate Mental Retardation are compared. Goal formation, confidentiality, the role of parents or caregivers, and transference and countertransference are discussed within Erikson's framework.